| Summary: | The Orinoquia or Orinoco river basin is an area with abundant water and it is a synonymous of wealth being, beauty and biodiversity. Because of the importance of this Basin, this book focuses on determining the relationship between surface water, groundwater and the climate changes the planet is experiencing. Several methods and tools were used to do this, from the measurement of water flows from rivers, wells, shallow wells and even precipitation; well tests, soil analysis, geophysical radiography of the subsoil, and chemical analysis, in order to determine the lithology of the rocks that contain it, the chemical and isotopic composition of their waters and thus understand their quality, origins and correlations. Although the Orinoquia region is related to abundant water, in recent years there are perceived challenges that could jeopardize such abundance: The expansion of agro-industry, the increase in hydrocarbon exploration and population, at the same time, the increasingly present climate change that brings an unpredictable climate, stronger heat waves, droughts and severe rainfall with floods. Finally, this research reflects on how the use of the abundant resources of the basin is generating significant changes in the environment that constitute threats to the natural resources themselves, and that are generating new environmental challenges to fragile ecosystems; also, the use of the resources is risking the environmental services they could provide, and as a result, they are impacting the quality of life of the inhabitants of the Orinoquia region.
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