Human, all too human, transhuman: Nietzsche's challenge to humanism
Nietzsche mocks humanism at various occasions, in part because of his naturalized anthropology. But concepts of self-overcoming, refinement, and liberation are regularly present in his writings. This paper argues that the connection between the naturalist and the perfectionist aspects in Nietzsche&#...
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| Format: | Online |
| Language: | spa |
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Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia
2020
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| Online Access: | https://revistas.uptc.edu.co/index.php/cuestiones_filosofia/article/view/11249 |
| _version_ | 1801706517172322304 |
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| author | Heit, Helmut |
| author_facet | Heit, Helmut |
| author_sort | Heit, Helmut |
| collection | OJS |
| description | Nietzsche mocks humanism at various occasions, in part because of his naturalized anthropology. But concepts of self-overcoming, refinement, and liberation are regularly present in his writings. This paper argues that the connection between the naturalist and the perfectionist aspects in Nietzsche's thought derive from the 'mysterious double-character' of human nature and result in a political anthropology of freedom. The first section explains Zarathustra's talk of the Over-Human not as a doctrine or a commandment, but as persuasion and invitation to attempt a higher development of humanity. The second section shows how Nietzsche uses his readings of contemporary physiology to develop a conception of the human as a dynamic body-organization. In the third section, it is argued that the natural- and cultural-historical development of the human species has created a possibility for further conscious transformation. The design an aesthetically approvable character is neither naturally determinated nor morally required, but results from a - as I call it – ‘normative force of the possible’, which can be realized through cultural exercise. Nietzsche's challenge to humanism is an invitation to become better humans. |
| format | Online |
| id | oai:oai.revistas.uptc.edu.co:article-11249 |
| institution | Revista Cuestiones de Filosofía |
| language | spa |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | oai:oai.revistas.uptc.edu.co:article-112492023-08-17T04:50:52Z Human, all too human, transhuman: Nietzsche's challenge to humanism Humano, demasiado humano, ultrahumano: el desafío de Nietzsche al humanismo Heit, Helmut Freedom Self-Overcoming naturalism perfectionism humanism transhumanism Libertad superación de si mismo naturalismo perfeccionismo humanismo transhumanismo Nietzsche mocks humanism at various occasions, in part because of his naturalized anthropology. But concepts of self-overcoming, refinement, and liberation are regularly present in his writings. This paper argues that the connection between the naturalist and the perfectionist aspects in Nietzsche's thought derive from the 'mysterious double-character' of human nature and result in a political anthropology of freedom. The first section explains Zarathustra's talk of the Over-Human not as a doctrine or a commandment, but as persuasion and invitation to attempt a higher development of humanity. The second section shows how Nietzsche uses his readings of contemporary physiology to develop a conception of the human as a dynamic body-organization. In the third section, it is argued that the natural- and cultural-historical development of the human species has created a possibility for further conscious transformation. The design an aesthetically approvable character is neither naturally determinated nor morally required, but results from a - as I call it – ‘normative force of the possible’, which can be realized through cultural exercise. Nietzsche's challenge to humanism is an invitation to become better humans. Nietzsche se burla del humanismo en reiteradas ocasiones, en parte debido a su antropología naturalizada, no obstante el hecho de que los conceptos de superación de sí mismo, de refinamiento y liberación son presentados regularmente en sus escritos. Este artículo señala que el nexo entre el naturalismo y el perfeccionismo en el pensamiento de Nietzsche deriva del ‘enigmático doble-carácter’ de la naturaleza humana y culmina en una antropología política de la libertad. La primera sección explica el discurso de Zaratustra acerca del superhombre, no como una doctrina o un mandamiento, sino como un intento de persuasión y una invitación a alcanzar el desarrollo superior de la humanidad. La segunda sección muestra la forma como Nietzsche utiliza sus lecturas de fisiología de su época para elaborar una concepción de lo humano en términos de una dinámica de organización corpórea. En la tercera sección se muestra que el desarrollo natural e histórico-cultural de la especie humana ha creado una posibilidad para impulsar conscientemente una transformación. El proyecto de una disposición plausible estéticamente no está determinado natural ni moralmente, sino que resulta de una –como yo la denomino– ‘fuerza normativa de lo posible’, que puede ser realizada a través de un ejercicio cultural. El reto de Nietzsche al humanismo es una invitación a ser mejores seres humanos. Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia 2020-07-21 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/html https://revistas.uptc.edu.co/index.php/cuestiones_filosofia/article/view/11249 10.19053/01235095.v6.n26.2020.11249 Cuestiones de Filosofía; Vol. 6 No. 26 (2020): Cuestiones de Filosofía; 99-125 Cuestiones de Filosofía; Vol. 6 Núm. 26 (2020): Cuestiones de Filosofía; 99-125 2389-9441 0123-5095 spa https://revistas.uptc.edu.co/index.php/cuestiones_filosofia/article/view/11249/9610 https://revistas.uptc.edu.co/index.php/cuestiones_filosofia/article/view/11249/13330 Derechos de autor 2020 Helmut Heit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Freedom Self-Overcoming naturalism perfectionism humanism transhumanism Libertad superación de si mismo naturalismo perfeccionismo humanismo transhumanismo Heit, Helmut Human, all too human, transhuman: Nietzsche's challenge to humanism |
| title | Human, all too human, transhuman: Nietzsche's challenge to humanism |
| title_alt | Humano, demasiado humano, ultrahumano: el desafío de Nietzsche al humanismo |
| title_full | Human, all too human, transhuman: Nietzsche's challenge to humanism |
| title_fullStr | Human, all too human, transhuman: Nietzsche's challenge to humanism |
| title_full_unstemmed | Human, all too human, transhuman: Nietzsche's challenge to humanism |
| title_short | Human, all too human, transhuman: Nietzsche's challenge to humanism |
| title_sort | human all too human transhuman nietzsche s challenge to humanism |
| topic | Freedom Self-Overcoming naturalism perfectionism humanism transhumanism Libertad superación de si mismo naturalismo perfeccionismo humanismo transhumanismo |
| topic_facet | Freedom Self-Overcoming naturalism perfectionism humanism transhumanism Libertad superación de si mismo naturalismo perfeccionismo humanismo transhumanismo |
| url | https://revistas.uptc.edu.co/index.php/cuestiones_filosofia/article/view/11249 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT heithelmut humanalltoohumantranshumannietzscheschallengetohumanism AT heithelmut humanodemasiadohumanoultrahumanoeldesafiodenietzschealhumanismo |
