The memory of the Spanish Civil War in Basque nationalism (1937-1960)
In the Basque Country, during the post-war period, an unequal combat between two opposing memories of the Civil Spanish War began: the official Franquista memory and the clandestinenationalist memory. This article studies the elaboration and transmission process of this clandestine memory formulated...
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| Format: | Online |
| Language: | spa |
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Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia
2021
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| Online Access: | https://revistas.uptc.edu.co/index.php/historia_memoria/article/view/12806 |
| _version_ | 1801706393289359360 |
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| author | Martínez Rueda, Fernando |
| author_facet | Martínez Rueda, Fernando |
| author_sort | Martínez Rueda, Fernando |
| collection | OJS |
| description | In the Basque Country, during the post-war period, an unequal combat between two opposing memories of the Civil Spanish War began: the official Franquista memory and the clandestinenationalist memory. This article studies the elaboration and transmission process of this clandestine memory formulated by the Basque nationalist community between 1937 and 1960. We analyzed which were the elements of the nationalist account and identified the main agents that made its spread possible. For this, we studied a wide range of documental sources: speeches of the political authorities in exile, writings of the Basque clergy, testimonials from veterans, nationalist press, literary works and historiographic works. The article concludes that by 1960, the battle between the official Franquista memory and the nationalist clandestine memory was resolved in favor of the latter. The patriotic and epic narrative of the warlike past elaborated by the nationalist community was assumed by the new nationalist generations socialized in the post-war era. This situation contrasts with what happened around Spain, where the defeated did not manage to spread an alternative unitary memory to the narration of the crusade and the new generations tended to repudiate the memory of the Civil War, monopolized by the Franquista regime. This particular memory of the war whichwas rooted in the political culture of Basque nationalism was one of the factors that explained the singular historical evolution of the Basque Country during the late Franquismo and the transition to democracy. |
| format | Online |
| id | oai:oai.revistas.uptc.edu.co:article-12806 |
| institution | Revista Historia Y Memoria |
| language | spa |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | oai:oai.revistas.uptc.edu.co:article-128062023-06-13T16:33:37Z The memory of the Spanish Civil War in Basque nationalism (1937-1960) La memoria de la Guerra Civil Española en el nacionalismo vasco (1937-1960) La Mémoire de la Guerre Civile Espagnole chez les nationalistes basques (1937-1960) Martínez Rueda, Fernando Memoria Guerra Civil nacionalismo vasco franquismo posguerra memory Civil War Casque nationalism Franquismo post-war Mémoire Guerre Civil nationalisme basque franquisme après-guerre In the Basque Country, during the post-war period, an unequal combat between two opposing memories of the Civil Spanish War began: the official Franquista memory and the clandestinenationalist memory. This article studies the elaboration and transmission process of this clandestine memory formulated by the Basque nationalist community between 1937 and 1960. We analyzed which were the elements of the nationalist account and identified the main agents that made its spread possible. For this, we studied a wide range of documental sources: speeches of the political authorities in exile, writings of the Basque clergy, testimonials from veterans, nationalist press, literary works and historiographic works. The article concludes that by 1960, the battle between the official Franquista memory and the nationalist clandestine memory was resolved in favor of the latter. The patriotic and epic narrative of the warlike past elaborated by the nationalist community was assumed by the new nationalist generations socialized in the post-war era. This situation contrasts with what happened around Spain, where the defeated did not manage to spread an alternative unitary memory to the narration of the crusade and the new generations tended to repudiate the memory of the Civil War, monopolized by the Franquista regime. This particular memory of the war whichwas rooted in the political culture of Basque nationalism was one of the factors that explained the singular historical evolution of the Basque Country during the late Franquismo and the transition to democracy. En el País Vasco, durante el periodo de la posguerra, se libró un combate desigual entre dos memorias opuestas de la Guerra Civil española: la memoria oficial franquista y la memoria clandestina nacionalista. Este artículo estudia el proceso de elaboración y transmisión de esa memoria clandestina formulada por la comunidad nacionalista vasca entre 1937 y 1960. Analizamos cuáles fueron los elementos del relato nacionalista e identificamos a los principales agentes que hicieron posible su difusión. Para ello, nos basamos en el estudio de un amplio abanico de fuentes documentales: discursos de las autoridades políticas del exilio, escritos del clero vasco, testimonios de excombatientes, prensa nacionalista, obras literarias y trabajos historiográficos. La conclusión del artículo es que para 1960 la pugna entre la memoria oficial franquista y la memoria clandestina nacionalista estaba resuelta a favor de esta última. El relato patriótico y épico del pasado bélico elaborado por la comunidad nacionalista fue asumido por las nuevas generaciones nacionalistas socializadas en la posguerra. Esa situación contrasta con lo ocurrido en el resto de España, donde los vencidos no consiguieron difundir una memoria unitaria alternativa al relato de la cruzada y las nuevas generaciones tendieron a repudiar el recuerdo de la Guerra Civil, monopolizado por el régimen franquista. Esa particular memoria de la guerra que arraigó en la cultura política del nacionalismo vasco fue uno de los factores que explican la singular evolución histórica del País Vasco durante el tardofranquismo y la Transición a la democracia. Au Pays Basque, pendant l’après-guerre, un combat inégal a eu lieu entre deux mémoires opposées de la Guerre Civile Espagnole, à savoir la mémoire officielle franquiste et la mémoire clandestine nationaliste. Cet article analyse le processus d’élaboration et de transmission de cette mémoire clandestine formulée par la communauté nationaliste basque entre 1937 et 1960. On analyse notamment quels ont été leséléments constitutifs du récit nationaliste afin d’identifier les agents principaux ayant permis sa diffusion. Pour ce faire, on fait appel à un nombre considérable de sources documentaires allant des discours des autorités politiques dans l’exil, des écrits du clergé basque, des témoignages des ex-combattants, de la presse nationaliste aux oeuvres littéraires et les travaux historiographiques. Ce travail laisse conclure qu’en 1960 la mémoire clandestine nationaliste avait emporté la querelle contre la mémoire officielle franquiste. Le récit patriotique et épique du passé guerrier élaboré par la communauté nationaliste a été assumé par les nouvelles générations nationalistes de l’après-guerre. Cette situation contraste avec ce qui s’est passé dans le reste de l’Espagne, où les vaincus n’ont pas réussi à diffuser une mémoire unitaire et alternative au récit de la croisade, raison pour laquelle les nouvelles générations ont refoulé le souvenir de la Guerre Civil, monopolisé par le régime franquiste. Cette mémoire particulière de la guerre qui s’est enracinée dans la culture politique du nationalisme basque a été l’un des facteurs qui permettent de comprendre l’évolution historique particulière du Pays Basque pendant le franquisme tardif et la Transition à la démocratie. Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia 2021-12-21 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/xml https://revistas.uptc.edu.co/index.php/historia_memoria/article/view/12806 10.19053/20275137.n24.2022.12806 Historia Y Memoria; No. 24 (2022): «Issues of Latin American political-intellectual history: Democracy, Nation, and Representation. Latin America, 19th and 20th centuries»; 265-303 Historia Y Memoria; Núm. 24 (2022): Enero-Junio 2022. «Problemas de historia político-intelectual latinoamericana: Democracia, Nación, Representación. América Latina, siglos XIX y XX»; 265-303 Historia Y Memoria; No 24 (2022): «Problèmes d’histoire politico-intellectuelle latino- américaine: démocratie, nation, représentation. Amérique latine, XIXe et XXe siècles»; 265-303 2322-777X 2027-5137 10.19053/20275137.n24.2022 spa https://revistas.uptc.edu.co/index.php/historia_memoria/article/view/12806/11284 https://revistas.uptc.edu.co/index.php/historia_memoria/article/view/12806/12014 Derechos de autor 2022 Historia Y Memoria |
| spellingShingle | Memoria Guerra Civil nacionalismo vasco franquismo posguerra memory Civil War Casque nationalism Franquismo post-war Mémoire Guerre Civil nationalisme basque franquisme après-guerre Martínez Rueda, Fernando The memory of the Spanish Civil War in Basque nationalism (1937-1960) |
| title | The memory of the Spanish Civil War in Basque nationalism (1937-1960) |
| title_alt | La memoria de la Guerra Civil Española en el nacionalismo vasco (1937-1960) La Mémoire de la Guerre Civile Espagnole chez les nationalistes basques (1937-1960) |
| title_full | The memory of the Spanish Civil War in Basque nationalism (1937-1960) |
| title_fullStr | The memory of the Spanish Civil War in Basque nationalism (1937-1960) |
| title_full_unstemmed | The memory of the Spanish Civil War in Basque nationalism (1937-1960) |
| title_short | The memory of the Spanish Civil War in Basque nationalism (1937-1960) |
| title_sort | memory of the spanish civil war in basque nationalism 1937 1960 |
| topic | Memoria Guerra Civil nacionalismo vasco franquismo posguerra memory Civil War Casque nationalism Franquismo post-war Mémoire Guerre Civil nationalisme basque franquisme après-guerre |
| topic_facet | Memoria Guerra Civil nacionalismo vasco franquismo posguerra memory Civil War Casque nationalism Franquismo post-war Mémoire Guerre Civil nationalisme basque franquisme après-guerre |
| url | https://revistas.uptc.edu.co/index.php/historia_memoria/article/view/12806 |
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