In vitro effect of cocoa leachates on growth and development of Moniliophthora roreri ([Cif.] H.C. Evans et al.) isolated from Theobroma cacao (L.)
The cocoa crop is part of the peasant’s economic activity and agroforestry systems in many regions of Colombia and the world. Its yields are diminished by phytosanitary problems, being the frosty pod rot caused by the fungus Moniliophthora roreri, the most limiting disease with decreases in producti...
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| Format: | Online |
| Language: | eng |
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Sociedad Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas-SCCH and Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia-UPTC
2022
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| Online Access: | https://revistas.uptc.edu.co/index.php/ciencias_horticolas/article/view/13882 |
| _version_ | 1801706304288325632 |
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| author | Gómez-Gutierrez, Sandra Victoria Beltrán-Acosta, Camilo Rubén Gómez-Caro, Sandra |
| author_facet | Gómez-Gutierrez, Sandra Victoria Beltrán-Acosta, Camilo Rubén Gómez-Caro, Sandra |
| author_sort | Gómez-Gutierrez, Sandra Victoria |
| collection | OJS |
| description | The cocoa crop is part of the peasant’s economic activity and agroforestry systems in many regions of Colombia and the world. Its yields are diminished by phytosanitary problems, being the frosty pod rot caused by the fungus Moniliophthora roreri, the most limiting disease with decreases in production of over 90%. In this study, samples of cocoa leachates from commercial producing farms were characterized and the antifungal activity of sterilized, non-sterilized, and filtered cocoa leachates against M. roreri was evaluated under in vitro conditions, at concentrations of 1, 2, 5, 10, and 15%. Monosporic isolates of the pathogen were obtained from diseased fruits collected from cocoa-producing farms in the municipality of Yacopi in Cundinamarca, Colombia. The effect of leachates on M. roreri conidial germination, mycelial growth, and inoculum production was evaluated. It was found that non-sterilized cocoa leachates at all concentrations caused 100% reduction on the three variables evaluated, while sterilized leachates generated the same effect at concentrations of 10 and 15%. Filtered leachates showed no inhibitory effect on the radial growth of the pathogen, but they caused a reduction of conidial germination of 89.9, 90.5 and 95.9% at concentrations of 5, 10, and 15%. The presence of malic, citric, and ascorbic acids, compounds such as NH4, PO4, and NO3, and elements such as Ca, K, Na, Mg, and Cl in the evaluated leachates was identified using high-efficiency liquid chromatography and physicochemical analysis. This research showed the potential of cocoa leachates, even at low concentrations, for the control of M. roreri, which can be attributed to the action of specific compounds such as those found in chromatographic tests. |
| format | Online |
| id | oai:oai.revistas.uptc.edu.co:article-13882 |
| institution | Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | Sociedad Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas-SCCH and Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia-UPTC |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | oai:oai.revistas.uptc.edu.co:article-138822022-11-10T15:23:11Z In vitro effect of cocoa leachates on growth and development of Moniliophthora roreri ([Cif.] H.C. Evans et al.) isolated from Theobroma cacao (L.) Evaluación in vitro de lixiviados de cacao sobre el crecimiento y desarrollo de Moniliophthora roreri ([Cif.] H.C. Evans et al.) aislado de Theobroma cacao (L.) Gómez-Gutierrez, Sandra Victoria Beltrán-Acosta, Camilo Rubén Gómez-Caro, Sandra Fungal mycelial growth Conidia germination Frosty pod rot disease Liquid products Cocoa Crecimiento micelial Germinación conidial Monilia Productos líquidos Cacao The cocoa crop is part of the peasant’s economic activity and agroforestry systems in many regions of Colombia and the world. Its yields are diminished by phytosanitary problems, being the frosty pod rot caused by the fungus Moniliophthora roreri, the most limiting disease with decreases in production of over 90%. In this study, samples of cocoa leachates from commercial producing farms were characterized and the antifungal activity of sterilized, non-sterilized, and filtered cocoa leachates against M. roreri was evaluated under in vitro conditions, at concentrations of 1, 2, 5, 10, and 15%. Monosporic isolates of the pathogen were obtained from diseased fruits collected from cocoa-producing farms in the municipality of Yacopi in Cundinamarca, Colombia. The effect of leachates on M. roreri conidial germination, mycelial growth, and inoculum production was evaluated. It was found that non-sterilized cocoa leachates at all concentrations caused 100% reduction on the three variables evaluated, while sterilized leachates generated the same effect at concentrations of 10 and 15%. Filtered leachates showed no inhibitory effect on the radial growth of the pathogen, but they caused a reduction of conidial germination of 89.9, 90.5 and 95.9% at concentrations of 5, 10, and 15%. The presence of malic, citric, and ascorbic acids, compounds such as NH4, PO4, and NO3, and elements such as Ca, K, Na, Mg, and Cl in the evaluated leachates was identified using high-efficiency liquid chromatography and physicochemical analysis. This research showed the potential of cocoa leachates, even at low concentrations, for the control of M. roreri, which can be attributed to the action of specific compounds such as those found in chromatographic tests. El cultivo de cacao es parte de la actividad económica campesina y de sistemas de agroforestería en muchas regiones de Colombia y del mundo. Su rendimiento se ve disminuido por problemas fitosanitarios, siendo la monilia causada por el hongo Moniliophthora roreri, la enfermedad más limitante causando disminuciones de producción de más del 90%. En este estudio, se caracterizaron muestras de lixiviados de cacao de fincas comerciales y la actividad antifúngica de estos lixiviados esterilizados, no esterilizados, y filtrados contra M. roreri fue evaluada bajo condiciones in vitro en concentraciones de 1, 2, 5, 10, y 15%. Aislamientos monospóricos del patógeno fueron obtenidos a partir de frutos enfermos colectados en fincas productoras de cacao del municipio de Yacopí en Cundinamarca, Colombia. El efecto de los lixiviados se evaluó sobre la germinación conidial de M. roreri, el crecimiento micelial, y la producción de inóculo. Se encontró que los lixiviados de cacao no esterilizados en todas las concentraciones generaron 100% de reducción de las tres variables evaluadas, mientras que los lixiviados esterilizados generaron el mismo efecto a concentraciones de 10 y 15%. Los lixiviados filtrados no mostraron efecto inhibitorio sobre el crecimiento radial del patógeno, pero presentaron una reducción de la germinación conidial de 89,9; 90,5 y 95,9% a las concentraciones de 5, 10, y 15%, respectivamente. La presencia de ácido málico, cítrico, y ascórbico, compuestos como NH4, PO4, y NO3, y elementos como Ca, K, Na, Mg, y Cl fue identificada en los lixiviados evaluados usando cromatografía líquida de alta eficiencia y análisis fisicoquímicos. Esta investigación mostró el potencial de los lixiviados de cacao, aún a bajas concentraciones para el control de M. roreri, el cual puede ser atribuido a la acción de compuestos específicos como los encontrados en las evaluaciones cromatográficas. Sociedad Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas-SCCH and Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia-UPTC 2022-05-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Text Texto application/pdf https://revistas.uptc.edu.co/index.php/ciencias_horticolas/article/view/13882 10.17584/rcch.2022v16i2.13882 Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas; Vol. 16 No. 2 (2022); e13882 Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas; Vol. 16 Núm. 2 (2022); e13882 Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas; Vol. 16 No 2 (2022); e13882 Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas; V. 16 N. 2 (2022); e13882 Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas; v. 16 n. 2 (2022); e13882 2422-3719 2011-2173 eng https://revistas.uptc.edu.co/index.php/ciencias_horticolas/article/view/13882/12067 Colombia; Cundinamarca Colombia; Cundinamarca Copyright (c) 2022 Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Fungal mycelial growth Conidia germination Frosty pod rot disease Liquid products Cocoa Crecimiento micelial Germinación conidial Monilia Productos líquidos Cacao Gómez-Gutierrez, Sandra Victoria Beltrán-Acosta, Camilo Rubén Gómez-Caro, Sandra In vitro effect of cocoa leachates on growth and development of Moniliophthora roreri ([Cif.] H.C. Evans et al.) isolated from Theobroma cacao (L.) |
| title | In vitro effect of cocoa leachates on growth and development of Moniliophthora roreri ([Cif.] H.C. Evans et al.) isolated from Theobroma cacao (L.) |
| title_alt | Evaluación in vitro de lixiviados de cacao sobre el crecimiento y desarrollo de Moniliophthora roreri ([Cif.] H.C. Evans et al.) aislado de Theobroma cacao (L.) |
| title_full | In vitro effect of cocoa leachates on growth and development of Moniliophthora roreri ([Cif.] H.C. Evans et al.) isolated from Theobroma cacao (L.) |
| title_fullStr | In vitro effect of cocoa leachates on growth and development of Moniliophthora roreri ([Cif.] H.C. Evans et al.) isolated from Theobroma cacao (L.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | In vitro effect of cocoa leachates on growth and development of Moniliophthora roreri ([Cif.] H.C. Evans et al.) isolated from Theobroma cacao (L.) |
| title_short | In vitro effect of cocoa leachates on growth and development of Moniliophthora roreri ([Cif.] H.C. Evans et al.) isolated from Theobroma cacao (L.) |
| title_sort | in vitro effect of cocoa leachates on growth and development of moniliophthora roreri cif h c evans et al isolated from theobroma cacao l |
| topic | Fungal mycelial growth Conidia germination Frosty pod rot disease Liquid products Cocoa Crecimiento micelial Germinación conidial Monilia Productos líquidos Cacao |
| topic_facet | Fungal mycelial growth Conidia germination Frosty pod rot disease Liquid products Cocoa Crecimiento micelial Germinación conidial Monilia Productos líquidos Cacao |
| url | https://revistas.uptc.edu.co/index.php/ciencias_horticolas/article/view/13882 |
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