Physiological performance of nine cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) genotypes under the shadow of three forest species in Santander, Colombia
At present, Colombia has 173,000 ha cultivated with Theobroma cacao, most of which are established in association with fruit or timber trees that provide shade, that can generate income for cocoa growers. In order to select species that make up the agroforestry system, it is necessary to consider th...
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| Format: | Online |
| Language: | spa |
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Sociedad Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas-SCCH and Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia-UPTC
2018
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| Online Access: | https://revistas.uptc.edu.co/index.php/ciencias_horticolas/article/view/7341 |
| _version_ | 1801706275555246080 |
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| author | Agudelo-Castañeda, Genaro Andrés Cadena-Torres, Jorge Almanza-Merchán, Pedro José Pinzón-Sandoval, Elberth Hernando |
| author_facet | Agudelo-Castañeda, Genaro Andrés Cadena-Torres, Jorge Almanza-Merchán, Pedro José Pinzón-Sandoval, Elberth Hernando |
| author_sort | Agudelo-Castañeda, Genaro Andrés |
| collection | OJS |
| description | At present, Colombia has 173,000 ha cultivated with Theobroma cacao, most of which are established in association with fruit or timber trees that provide shade, that can generate income for cocoa growers. In order to select species that make up the agroforestry system, it is necessary to consider the ecophysiological requirements of T. cacao genotypes and the interaction with the agroecological environment, including shade. The objective of this research was to evaluate the physiological performance of nine cocoa clones established in an agroforestry system with Cariniana piryformis, Hevea brasiliensis (Carmen) Cariniana piryformis, and Tectona grandis (Rionegro, Santander province). The photosynthesis rates, transpiration, stomatal conductance and efficient use of water in cocoa clones was monitored in the wet and dry season. The results showed that shade systems influence the photosynthetic rates of cocoa plants. The clones established under the shade system with C. piryformis presented higher rates of photosynthesis (5.39 μmoles CO2 m-2 s-1), both in the wet season and in the dry season. This was attributed to the type of growth and shade provided by this species, which offers better environmental conditions for the physiological performance of cocoa. As a result, this forest species is recommended for shading in the establishment of new areas of T. cacao in the Department of Santander. Individually, the cocoa clones with better echophysiological behavior included TCS19 and TCS13, making their genotypes agronomically important. |
| format | Online |
| id | oai:oai.revistas.uptc.edu.co:article-7341 |
| institution | Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas |
| language | spa |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publisher | Sociedad Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas-SCCH and Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia-UPTC |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | oai:oai.revistas.uptc.edu.co:article-73412020-08-03T23:56:36Z Physiological performance of nine cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) genotypes under the shadow of three forest species in Santander, Colombia Desempeño fisiológico de nueve genotipos de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) bajo la sombra de tres especies forestales en Santander, Colombia Agudelo-Castañeda, Genaro Andrés Cadena-Torres, Jorge Almanza-Merchán, Pedro José Pinzón-Sandoval, Elberth Hernando Agroforestry cocoa cultivars crop production Cariniana pyriformis seasonal variation physiological response. SB183-317 SB109.7-111 Agroforestería cultivares de cacao producción de cultivos Cariniana pyriformis variación estacional respuesta fisiológica. SB183-317 SB109.7-111 At present, Colombia has 173,000 ha cultivated with Theobroma cacao, most of which are established in association with fruit or timber trees that provide shade, that can generate income for cocoa growers. In order to select species that make up the agroforestry system, it is necessary to consider the ecophysiological requirements of T. cacao genotypes and the interaction with the agroecological environment, including shade. The objective of this research was to evaluate the physiological performance of nine cocoa clones established in an agroforestry system with Cariniana piryformis, Hevea brasiliensis (Carmen) Cariniana piryformis, and Tectona grandis (Rionegro, Santander province). The photosynthesis rates, transpiration, stomatal conductance and efficient use of water in cocoa clones was monitored in the wet and dry season. The results showed that shade systems influence the photosynthetic rates of cocoa plants. The clones established under the shade system with C. piryformis presented higher rates of photosynthesis (5.39 μmoles CO2 m-2 s-1), both in the wet season and in the dry season. This was attributed to the type of growth and shade provided by this species, which offers better environmental conditions for the physiological performance of cocoa. As a result, this forest species is recommended for shading in the establishment of new areas of T. cacao in the Department of Santander. Individually, the cocoa clones with better echophysiological behavior included TCS19 and TCS13, making their genotypes agronomically important. En la actualidad, Colombia tiene 173.000 ha cultivadas con Theobroma cacao, de las cuales la mayoría están establecidas en asocio con árboles frutales o maderables, además de proveer sombra pueden generar ingresos para el cacaocultor. Para seleccionar especies que conforman el arreglo agroforestal, es necesario considerar los requerimientos ecofisiológicos de los genotipos de cacao y la interacción con su entorno agroecológico, incluido el sombrío. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el rendimiento fisiológico de nueve clones de cacao establecidos en sistema agroforestal con Cariniana pyriformis, Hevea brasiliensis en El Carmen de Chucurí y C. pyriformis, Tectona grandis en Rionegro, Santander. Se realizó seguimiento a la tasa de fotosíntesis, transpiración, conductancia estomática y uso eficiente del agua, tanto en la época húmeda, como en la seca. Los resultados mostraron que los sistemas de sombrío influyen sobre las tasas de fotosíntesis que presentan las plantas de cacao. Estos clones establecidos bajo el sistema de sombrío con C. pyriformis, presentan mayores tasas de fotosíntesis (5,39 μmoles CO2 m-2 s-1), en la época húmeda y seca. Lo anterior se atribuyó al tipo de crecimiento y sombra proveída por esta especie, que ofrece mejores condiciones ambientales para el desempeño fisiológico del cacao. Se recomienda esta especie forestal como sombrío, para el establecimiento de nuevas áreas de cacao en el departamento de Santander. Individualmente, los clones de cacao con el mejor comportamiento ecofisiológico fueron TCS19 y TCS13, por lo que se constituyen en genotipos de importancia agronómica. Sociedad Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas-SCCH and Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia-UPTC 2018-05-02 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Experimental Experimental application/pdf https://revistas.uptc.edu.co/index.php/ciencias_horticolas/article/view/7341 10.17584/rcch.2018v12i1.7341 Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas; Vol. 12 No. 1 (2018); 223-232 Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas; Vol. 12 Núm. 1 (2018); 223-232 Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas; Vol. 12 No 1 (2018); 223-232 Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas; V. 12 N. 1 (2018); 223-232 Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas; v. 12 n. 1 (2018); 223-232 2422-3719 2011-2173 spa https://revistas.uptc.edu.co/index.php/ciencias_horticolas/article/view/7341/pdf |
| spellingShingle | Agroforestry cocoa cultivars crop production Cariniana pyriformis seasonal variation physiological response. SB183-317 SB109.7-111 Agroforestería cultivares de cacao producción de cultivos Cariniana pyriformis variación estacional respuesta fisiológica. SB183-317 SB109.7-111 Agudelo-Castañeda, Genaro Andrés Cadena-Torres, Jorge Almanza-Merchán, Pedro José Pinzón-Sandoval, Elberth Hernando Physiological performance of nine cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) genotypes under the shadow of three forest species in Santander, Colombia |
| title | Physiological performance of nine cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) genotypes under the shadow of three forest species in Santander, Colombia |
| title_alt | Desempeño fisiológico de nueve genotipos de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) bajo la sombra de tres especies forestales en Santander, Colombia |
| title_full | Physiological performance of nine cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) genotypes under the shadow of three forest species in Santander, Colombia |
| title_fullStr | Physiological performance of nine cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) genotypes under the shadow of three forest species in Santander, Colombia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physiological performance of nine cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) genotypes under the shadow of three forest species in Santander, Colombia |
| title_short | Physiological performance of nine cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) genotypes under the shadow of three forest species in Santander, Colombia |
| title_sort | physiological performance of nine cacao theobroma cacao l genotypes under the shadow of three forest species in santander colombia |
| topic | Agroforestry cocoa cultivars crop production Cariniana pyriformis seasonal variation physiological response. SB183-317 SB109.7-111 Agroforestería cultivares de cacao producción de cultivos Cariniana pyriformis variación estacional respuesta fisiológica. SB183-317 SB109.7-111 |
| topic_facet | Agroforestry cocoa cultivars crop production Cariniana pyriformis seasonal variation physiological response. SB183-317 SB109.7-111 Agroforestería cultivares de cacao producción de cultivos Cariniana pyriformis variación estacional respuesta fisiológica. SB183-317 SB109.7-111 |
| url | https://revistas.uptc.edu.co/index.php/ciencias_horticolas/article/view/7341 |
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