The Government of Carlos E. Restrepo, 1910 -1914. The rise and fall of the Republican Union by Monroy Hernández, Claudia Liliana

“…Restrepo, was not solid enough, nor could it confront the traditionalist mentality and political practices of Colombian society at the beginning of the 20th Century that propelled the bipartisan conflict, causing opposition between old friends and allies of republicanism. …”

Characterization of biosecurity system in poultry farms, in the municipality of Chinácota, Norte de Santander by Solano Rojas, Rito Arnulfo

“…Initially in the investigation, the poultry farms in the municipality of Chinácota were identified, giving a total of 128 farms, classified as 41 registered with the Colombian Agricultural Institute (ICA) and 87 not registered, of these, a representative sample of 30 was selected. % of each group equivalent to 38 poultry farms distributed in 12 registered and 26 not registered with the ICA. …”

Fruit characterization of 36 cape gooseberry hybrids for identification of potential industrial or fresh consumption uses by Lagos-Burbano, Tulio César, Mejía-España, Diego Fernando, Arango-Bedoya, Oscar, Villaquirán-Samboni, Zulma Yizeth, Lagos-Santander, Liz Katherine, Duarte-Alvarado, David Esteban

“…The objective of this study was to characterize the fruits of 36 hybrids, obtained from double haploid cape gooseberry lines from the Tibaitatá Research Center of the Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research. Hybrids with potential uses in transformation processes or for fresh consumption were identified using Hierarchical Cluster (HC) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with 20 physical, physicochemical, compositional, and physiological fruit descriptors, obtained from four trials in the Andean region of southern Colombia. …”

Cultural significance as a concept for the delimitation of historic centers by Therrien, Monika, Dávila Gamboa, Lizeth Juliana, Pulgarín-Osorio, Yarleys

“…According to Colombian legislation and as a National Asset of Cultural Interest, the historic center of the municipality of Villa de Leyva required the formulation of a Special Management and Protection Plan (SMPP), which is a territorial management instrument for the preservation of cultural heritage. …”

Visual transactions and reinscriptions of identity in Nadín Ospina and Calimocho Styles by Lucero, María Elena

“…In this aspect, the Colombian artist Nadín Ospina synthesizes possible exchanges between symbolic productions of the Pre-Hispanic period, current fetishized merchandise, and certain imaginaries linked to the media. …”

Didactics and its relationship with the design of learning environments: a view from the teaching of the evolution of technology by Angarita Velandia, María Aidé, Fernández Morales, Flavio Humberto, Duarte, Julio Enrique

“…The area of technology and computers is one of the nine areas established as mandatory in the Colombian basic education level. Because of its importance, the design of a learning environment oriented to the teaching of the evolution of technology during the Industrial Revolution is described in this paper. …”

Origin of teachers’ Colleges in Caldas Department, Colombia by Loaiza Zuluga, Yasaldez Eder

“…Because of their role as the institutions charged with training the first levels of the Colombian educational cadres, it is possible through a study of their development to understand, interpret, characterize, describe the processes of scientific research of historical design; given that these institutions have been the field of action for the study of educational problems, rooted in historical, theoretical, practical, and experiential considerations. …”

Reflections on taking and retaking of the Courthouse, and recent convictions to military officers involved in the retaking by Rafael Uribe, Semillero de investigación

“…We highlights the important role carried out by the judiciary that in a state and a democracy such as the Colombian, in performances like this, takes a so- called opposition status suffering victimization as a result of the objective performance of its duties.…”

Knowledge and use of mathematical language in initial teacher training in mathematics by Hernández-Suárez, César Augusto, Prada-Núñez, Raúl, Gamboa-Suárez, Audin Aloiso

“…This article analyses the levels of knowledge and use of mathematical language that students possess and employ during their initial teaching training for the program of mathematics in a Colombian public university. The research specifically proposes to establish the level of knowledge and use of mathematical language among these students, what level of math skills they use and their competence to communicate in writing their knowledge. …”

The education policy around the massification of higher education and its relationship to university dropout in Colombia by Guerrero, Sara Cristina, Soto Arango, Diana Elvira

“…Finally, it is concluded that there exist contradictions between what is indicated in a policy of expanding coverage and investment in higher education, vs. a reality of budget cuts that moves away from achieving the social welfare policy, as a strategy to fight university dropout that alleviates the initial academic inequality, and the socio-economic problems of the Colombian university student population.…”

Understanding School Violence in Colombia by Caballero-León, Laura Marcela

“…The article presents a state of art of Colombian studies on school violence published from the country's education faculties. …”

Time study of Earth’s magnetic field in Colombia: Fúquene Geomagnetic Observatory by Hernández, Hernán Darío, Calderón, John Freddy, Chacón, Cesar Alexander

“…According to the historical behavior of the terrestrial magnetic field components, in the future we expect that the decreasing of Earth’s magnetic Field continues, which would imply a higher threat to the effects of space weather in the country, such as the generation of GICs (Geomagnetically Induced Currents) in the Colombian electricity system. …”

Design of a SDR ground station for Low-orbit satellites by Orduy Rodríguez, Jaime Enrique, Rodríguez Barón, Iván Felipe, Cubillos Chaparro, Cristian Andrés

“…Space systems are characterized by the planning and creation of all their segments in order for a mission to be accomplished together; regarding these systems, two space missions have been developed in Colombia: Libertad 1, a 1U CubeSat from Sergio Arboleda University and FACSAT1, a 3U CubeSat from the Colombian Air Force. These missions generated the complete development of the space segment called satellite, in turn they have generated the terrestrial segment called ground station. …”

Evaluation of techniques to reduce the concentration of sedimentable solids in the wastewater produced in the coal mining in the municipality of Guachetá, Cundinamarca by Chaparro Alba, Sandra Liliana

“…The present study evaluated in a technical,economic and environmental way three water treatment alternatives, getting results from alternative 1 Coagulation-Flocculation, an efficiency percentage of 99.12%, a total installation cost of $17,363,978 Colombian money, and a low environmental affectation, simulating with the SuperDecisions® software, that Alternative 1 Coagulation-Flocculation has the ranking number 1, followed by the alternative Activated Carbon with ranking number 2 and, finally the maintenance of the system with ranking 3.…”

Low Level of Associativity of the Panela Agroindustry: Case Study Santana, Colombia by Fino-Hernández, Fredy Fernando, Munevar-Romero, Melisa Daniela, Ulloa-Torres, Sergio

“…The majority believes that a price below 3,000 Colombian pesos per kilogram of panela does not cover the production costs (2,500 to 3,500 COP). …”

Héroes vagabundos: Memoria narrativa de la guerra colombiana by Vanegas Vásquez, Orfa Kelita

“…is the usage of a nomad character, this person goes from one place to another, comes from nowhere and goes towards nowhere, this is a mechanism to refer to the Colombian sociopolitical violence and its outcomes in the personal and collective subjectivity. …”

Petrographic and diagenetic study of the sequence cenozoic about the fold belt of san jacinto and their application for determining quality of reservoirs by Guzmán-Cardona, Walter, García-Loaiza, Ana María, Ramírez-Cardona, Carolina

“…A diagenetic and petrographic analysis of 148 thin sections from the Cenozoic units of the ColombianCaribbean was carried out in order to assess the quality of hydrocarbons reservoirs and their possible tectonic provenance. …”

Sap flow and water potential in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under greenhouse conditions by Cuellar-Murcia, Cristian Alejandro, Suárez-Salazar, Juan Carlos

“…In order to predict the behavior of the water potential of xylem (ᴪ) and sap flow (FH2O) in relation to environmental variables (RAFA, HRa, Ta, DPV), a mechanical model of water flow in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) was used under greenhouse conditions in Colombian Amazon piedmont (Florencia, Caquetá). The daily-monitored trends remained between 64.7 and 225.4 g h-1 and -1.2 to -0.34 MPa for FH2O and ᴪ, respectively. …”

Quantitative PCR for detection of Citrus tristeza virus in Colombia by Solano-Luna, Luis Miguel, Chavarro-Mesa, Edisson, Ángel-Diaz, Jorge Evelio

“…Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was applied using SYBR Green for the specific detection of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) in Colombian. Genomic RNA (gRNA) was amplified using primers designed from conserved sequences in the open reading frames (ORF’s) 1b and 2. …”

Technical feasibility of genetically engineered cotton varieties expressing Cry proteins against Anthonomus grandis in the Sinú Valley, Colombia by Osorio-Almanza, Lorena, Burbano-Figueroa, Oscar, Martinez-Reina, Antonio

“…Anthonomus grandis and Spodoptera frugiperda are the main cotton pests in the Colombian Caribbean region, the main producer in the country. …”