THE RESISTANCE CULTURE IN LATIN AMERICAN STUDENTS: 1810—2010 nork Biagini, Hugo E.

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The Centenary revisited: A German traveller in Colombia's national festivities (1910) nork Schuster, Sven, Vargas Álvarez, Sebastián

Gaiak: “...Centenary of Independence...”

Representations of the concept of independence at the beginnings of the Paraguayan press (1845-1852) nork Baratta, María Victoria

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PROFESSOR GERMÁN ARCINIEGAS Educator, essayist, culture researcher and ideologist of the student movements in Colombia nork Ocampo Lopez, Javier

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ELEMENTARY EDUCATION AT THE DAWN OF THE INDEPENDENCE WITHIN AN IBEROAMERICAN CONTEXT nork Torres Aguilar, Morelos

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Antonio Ricaurte: the creation of a portray as a child-hero 1830- 1881 nork Martínez Martín, Abel Fernando, Otálora Cascante, Andrés Ricardo

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Patria and Mother Patria. The centenary holidays between 1910 and 1911 in Tunja nork Martínez Martín, Abel Fernando, Otálora Cascante, Andrés Ricardo

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ENLIGHTENED PROGRAMME VERSUS REPUBLICAN PROGRAMME IN THE NEOGRANADIAN EDUCATIONAL ISSUE nork Gaitán Bohórquez, Julio

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Around the independence´s meaning abstract nork Fontana Lázaro, Josep

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Martín Tovar y Tovar nork Tejedor Estupiñan, Ricardo Alonso

Gaiak: “...plastic arts, painting, photography, independence, republic....”

PROFESSOR JOSÉ FÉLIX DE RESTREPO EDUCATOR OF COLOMBIA´S INDEPENDENCE GENERATION nork Ocampo López, Javier

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THE BOTANICAL EXPEDITION IN THE SCHOOL BOOKTEXTS IN COLOMBIA 1974-2008 nork Soto Arango, Diana

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Pulperos, pardos and indepeendence in Venezuela. 1812-1814 nork Tejada Soria, Jaika

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PUBLIC EDUCATION AND INDEPENDENCE IN SPANISH AMERICA AND BRAZIL: LANCASTERIANAS EXPERIENCES IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY nork Camara Bastos, María Helena

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The real and the imagery in the building of the first stage of the republic of Colombia nork Cuño Bonito, Justo

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School imaginaries on the bicentennial of the American independence) in the Normal Schools of the Cundiboyacense region (2009-2019 nork Parra Báez, Lina Adriana; Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Báez Osorio, Miryam; Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Semanate Navia, Carmen Elvira; Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Gómez Velasco, Nubia Yaneth; Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Ballesteros Alfonso, Alba Lorena; Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Bernal Villate, Sandra Liliana; Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Rátiva Velandia, Marlén; Secretaría de Educación de Bogotá, Mesa Jiménez, Fredy Yesid; Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Pulido, Diana Carolina; Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Mora García, José Pascual; Universidad de Cundinamarca, Correa Alfonso, José del Carmen; Universidad de Cundinamarca, Naranjo Patiño, Diego Eduardo; Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Figueroa, Claudia; Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Cuño Bonito, Justo; Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Bacca Porras, Pablo Manuel; Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Soto Arango, Diana Elvira; Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia

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THE THEOLOGY LIKE CURRICULAR DOGMA AND THE BEGINNING OF THE JURIDICAL LAITY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF GUADALAJARA nork Martínez Moya, Armando

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Two Exceptional Witnesses of Latin American Independence: The Prussian Explorer Alexander Von Humboldt and The Virginian Politician Thomas Jefferson nork Rebok, Sandra

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The Economy and Colonial Foreign Trade of Venezuela Before the Independence nork Torres- Reina, Danilo

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Reflections on the impact of “la patria Boba”, the independence of Tunja and its province 1810-1815 nork Robayo, Juan Manuel

Gaiak: “...Independence...”